The construction of Japan’s castles reached their peak in the late 16th century, after an extended period of internal warfare. Although the country’s castles were decommissioned when the feudal period ended in the late 1800s, many remnants of these military fortresses can be found throughout the country, along with reconstructions of the main castle keeps. Japan still has 12 fully intact original castles, such as the castles of Himeji and Matsumoto. Ranging from majestic fortresses with impressive defensive stone walls and moats, to austere mountain-top towers or elegant residences like Kyoto’s Nijo-jo, there is much to learn about Japan’s unique castle design and warrior-class culture. A private castle specialist will provide illuminating insights.